Suomenlinna is an inhabited sea fortress built on six islands in front of Helsinki. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site and popular with both tourists and locals, who enjoy it as a picturesque picnic site. When the weather is good, Suomenlinna is perhaps the best place for a picnic in Helsinki.

HISTORY
The construction of the fortress was commenced in 1748 by the Swedish crown as protection against Russian expansionism. At that time Finland was still a part of the Swedish kingdom. The general responsibility for the fortification work was given to Augustin Ehrensvärd.

In the Finnish war in 1808 Suomenlinna surrendered to Russia without any opposition. The Swedish commander Carl Olof Cronstedt had almost 7,000 men and reasons for his actions remain somewhat unclear; but the hopeless situation, fear for the lives of a large civilian population and lack of gun-powder, are some likely causes for the surrender.

In the Crimean War of 1853–56, the allies bombarded Suomenlinna for 47 hours and the fortress was badly damaged. However, they were unable to knock out the Russian guns.
After the Crimean War extensive restoration work was begun at Suomenlinna. During the World War I the fortress and its surrounding islands became part of private://Peter the Great's naval fortificationprivate:// designed to safeguard the capital, Saint Petersburg.

The fortress became part of an independent Finland in 1917, following the Russian Revolution.

PRESENT
No longer very practical as a military base, Suomenlinna was turned over to civilian administration in 1973. The Suomenlinna garrison still houses the Naval Academy of the Finnish Navy.
Suomenlinna is now one of the most popular tourist attractions in Helsinki as well as a popular picnicking spot for the city's inhabitants, and on a sunny summer day the islands, and in particular the ferries, can get quite crowded. A number of museums exist on the island, as well as the last surviving Finnish submarine, Vesikko.

Suomenlinna has always been much more than just a part of Helsinki — it is a town within the town. Nowadays there are about 900 permanent inhabitants on the islands, and 350 people work there all year round. This is one of the features that makes Suomenlinna unique: the fortress is not simply a museum, but a living community.